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Wood Properties

Softwood

Every Woodwiki guide tagged softwood.

36 guides

Lumber Grades & Selection

1-Inch Plywood

There's no standard 1-inch plywood. Here's what you'll actually find at the store, which grades and cores to choose, and where to source quality sheets.

  • Table Saw
  • Cabinetry
  • Furniture

Beginner · Updated Mar 30, 2026

Hardware & Fasteners

18 Gauge Nails: When to Use Them and How

18 gauge brad nails explained: diameter specs, holding power data, air pressure settings by wood species, and when to upgrade to 16 gauge.

  • Brad Nailer
  • Cabinetry
  • Furniture

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

1x4 Lumber: Actual Dimensions, Grades, and Uses

A 1x4 board measures 3/4" × 3-1/2", not 1"×4". Actual dimensions table, lumber grades, wood species, common uses, and when to size up to 5/4 or 2x4.

  • Shelf
  • Furniture
  • Cabinetry

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

1x6 Lumber: Actual Size, Species, and Grades

A 1x6 board is 3/4" × 5-1/2", not 1"×6". Species comparison, grades explained, defect inspection, and how to choose the right 1x6 for your project.

  • Pine
  • Poplar
  • Cedar

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

2x3 Pressure Treated Lumber: Size, Uses, and Where to Buy

A 2x3 PT board is 1-1/2" × 2-1/2". Learn what it's treated with, where to find it, what you can build, and which fasteners won't corrode.

  • Southern Yellow Pine
  • Outdoor
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

2x6 Span Chart

2x6 span chart: DF-L #2 spans 9'-9" at 16" OC. Full tables by species and grade, deck joists, shelf sag guidance, and safety margins.

  • Outdoor
  • Shelf
  • Workbench

Beginner · Updated Apr 3, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

4x4x8 Lumber

A 4x4x8 is 3½ × 3½ × 8' actual. Here's which treatment level to buy, what load it handles as a post, and when to size up.

  • Outdoor
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 3, 2026

WOOD & MATERIALS

Ambrosia Maple

Ambrosia maple is soft maple with beetle-track figure. Learn what causes the streaks, how to finish it without stain, and which beginner projects suit it best.

  • Red Maple
  • Silver Maple
  • Hardwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

FINISHING

Automotive 2K Clear Coat for Woodworking

Master the use of 2K aerosol clear coat on wood — from chemistry to application to troubleshooting.

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood
  • Tropical

Intermediate · Updated Mar 28, 2026

Staining & Coloring

Best Stainable Wood Filler

Stainable wood filler fills nail holes before you stain. Honest guide to what works, what doesn't, and how to get repairs that are nearly invisible.

  • Putty Knife
  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Staining & Coloring

Best Wood for Staining

Oak stains evenly. Pine blotches. The difference is grain structure. Learn which species accept stain well and what to do with the difficult ones.

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Wood Species

Blue Pine

Blue pine is regular pine lumber with a blue-grey discoloration from a harmless fungus. It's structurally sound, non-toxic, and often priced at a discount.

  • Southern Yellow Pine
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Drilling & Boring

Brad Point Drill Bits

Brad point bits drill clean, accurate holes in wood. Learn the anatomy, pick the right HSS set, master the technique, and stop tearout for good.

  • Brad Point Drill Bit
  • Power Tool
  • Hybrid

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Scrapers

Card Scraper: How to Choose, Sharpen, and Use One

A card scraper cuts wood with a burnished hook, not abrasion. Handles figured grain that defeats a plane. Learn to choose, sharpen, and use one.

  • Card Scraper
  • Hand Tool Only
  • Figured

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Wood Species

Cedar Pergola

Cedar pergolas cost more upfront but save thousands over 20 years. Material comparison, sizing tables, construction details, and finishing.

  • Western Red Cedar
  • Outdoor
  • Power Tool

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Wood Species

Cedar Planter Box — Plans, Cut List, and Step-by-Step Build Guide

Build a cedar planter box that resists rot for 15+ years. Plans, cut list, assembly steps, drainage design, and finishing options for garden planters.

  • Western Red Cedar
  • Drill
  • Circular Saw

Beginner · Updated Apr 1, 2026

Drawer Construction

Coffee Table With Drawer

Learn to build a coffee table with drawer from scratch. Covers frame joinery, drawer box sizing, metal slide installation, and finishing for daily use.

  • Pocket Hole Jig
  • Drill
  • Router

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Half-Lap Joints

Cross Lap Joint

A cross lap joint notches two pieces to half their thickness so they interlock flush — no table saw needed. Step-by-step with a circular saw and chisels.

  • Circular Saw
  • Chisel
  • Hand Tool Only

Beginner · Updated Apr 5, 2026

Dovetails

Dovetail Joints

Dovetail joints lock two boards with wedge-shaped tails and pins. Learn how they work, the five types, proportions, and when to choose another joint.

  • Through Dovetail
  • Hand Cut
  • Furniture

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Dust Collection

Dust Extractor

A dust extractor captures fine wood dust before it goes airborne. Learn how it differs from a shop vac, which filter class you need, and what to buy.

  • Power Tool
  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 5, 2026

Staining & Coloring

Ebonizing Wood

Ebonize wood with iron acetate: understand the tannin-iron reaction, which species work best, how to make the solution, and how to fix gray or uneven results.

  • Ebonizing
  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 5, 2026

Planer & Jointer

Electric Hand Planer

An electric hand planer trims doors, chamfers edges, and levels site lumber. Learn what it actually does, when to buy one, and the best models by budget.

  • Electric Hand Planer
  • Power Tool
  • Chamfering

Beginner · Updated Apr 5, 2026

CABINETMAKING

Face Frame

A face frame is the solid wood front of a cabinet box. Learn standard dimensions, joinery methods, attachment techniques, and multi-cabinet run planning.

  • Poplar
  • Soft Maple
  • Pocket Hole Jig

Intermediate · Updated Apr 8, 2026

Repair & Refinishing

How to Refinish Wood Furniture

Strip, repair, stain, and refinish any wood furniture — with specific products, sanding progressions, and species-matched finish recommendations.

  • Random Orbit Sander
  • Brush
  • Heat Gun

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

How to Tell If Wood Is Pressure Treated

Check the end tag first. No tag? Look for a green tint, incision marks, and chemical smell. For high stakes, use a copper test kit.

  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Wood Species

Knotty Alder Cabinets

Knotty alder: 590 Janka, easy to work, stains beautifully, and costs less than cherry. Properties, grades, finishing, and when it's the right choice.

  • Alder
  • Cabinetry
  • Hardwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 8, 2026

Wood Species

Maple Janka Hardness

Hard maple rates 1,450 lbf on the Janka scale — one of the highest domestic hardwoods. Learn what the number means and when to choose hard vs. soft maple.

  • Hard Maple
  • Soft Maple
  • Hardwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Sheet Goods

Marine-Grade Plywood

Marine-grade plywood has a void-free core and WBP adhesive—but it's not waterproof wood. Learn the standards, species, and when ACX is the smarter buy.

  • Okoume
  • Sapele
  • Meranti

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Lumber Grades & Selection

Nominal Wood Sizes

Nominal vs actual lumber dimensions for every common board size, plus the hardwood quarter system, plywood thickness, and how to avoid project mistakes.

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Staining & Coloring

Oil-Based Wood Stain

How to apply oil-based wood stain correctly — surface prep, application technique, drying times, topcoat compatibility, and safe rag disposal.

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Coopering

Rain Barrel Stand

Build a wooden rain barrel stand that holds 500 lbs and stands 24 inches for gravity feed. Cut list and assembly steps for the box frame design.

  • Western Red Cedar
  • Drill
  • Speed Square

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Door Construction

Raised Panel Cabinet Doors

Build raised panel cabinet doors step by step — frame sizing, cope-and-stick profiling, panel raising, and assembly with a floating panel that won't crack.

  • Router Table
  • Table Saw
  • Raised Panel Bit

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Door Construction

Roll-Up Cabinet Doors

Learn how to build roll-up tambour cabinet doors: slat dimensions, groove routing, canvas assembly, and troubleshooting in one complete guide.

  • Table Saw
  • Router
  • Router Table

Beginner · Updated Apr 12, 2026

Hardware & Fasteners

Wood Screw Sizes Chart

Complete wood screw sizes chart with gauge, diameter, pilot hole, and clearance hole specs. Includes selection rules by stock thickness, wood species, and application.

  • Hardwood
  • Softwood

Beginner · Updated Apr 8, 2026

CABINETMAKING

Sheet Goods for Cabinets

The complete guide to choosing sheet goods for cabinet building — plywood, MDF, particleboard, TFL, HPL, real wood veneer, edgebanding, and 20+ brands compared with specs, tables, and sourcing guidance.

  • Cabinetry
  • Power Tool
  • Hardwood

Intermediate · Updated Mar 30, 2026

Workbenches

Wooden Work Bench

A workbench is a tool, not just a table. How to find your height, choose the right design, and build one from construction lumber in a weekend.

  • Workbench
  • Hand Cut
  • Edge Gluing

Beginner · Updated Apr 3, 2026

Often Seen Together

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